The nurse is planning care for a client with hypercalcemia secondary to bone metastasis. Which interventions are included in the plan? (Select all that apply.)
a. Increase oral fluids.
b. Place an oral airway at the bedside.
c. Monitor for Chvostek's sign.
d. Implement seizure precautions.
e. Assess for hyperactive reflexes.
f. Observe for muscle weakness.
A, F
Early manifestations of hypercalcemia include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, con-stipation, and polyuria (increased urine output). More serious problems include severe muscle weakness, loss of deep tendon reflexes, paralytic ileus, dehydration, and electrocardiographic changes. An oral airway is not needed. Chvostek's sign is an assessment for hypocalcemia. Sei-zures and hyperactive reflexes do not occur with hypercalcemia.
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1. is inevitable. 2. is a result of putting nurses in management roles. 3. results in lowered productivity. 4. is caused by autocratic managers.
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a. more efficient service at a greatly reduced cost. b. reduced number of personnel with whom to interact. c. reduced time spent on therapeutic modalities. d. shortened stay in the rehabilitation unit.
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A. skeletal muscles B. the cortex of the kidneys C. bone marrow D. the liver