Which of the following relationships is correct?
a. insects: Malpighian tubules: urea as major nitrogenous waste
b. annelids: protonephridia: ammonia as major nitrogenous waste
c. freshwater fish: kidney: large volume of hypertonic urine
d. sharks: kidney: large volume of hypotonic urine
e. earthworm: kidney: ammonia as major nitrogenous waste
D
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Which of the following features of plant cells allows for apoplastic movement of water?
A) porous cell walls B) plasmodesmata C) large central vacuole D) endodermal cells
The external covering of the body is produced by
a. the ectoderm only. b. the endoderm only. c. the mesoderm only. d. the ectoderm and endoderm. e. all of the germ layers.
In dosage compensation, females have the same amount of X-linked gene products as males. This is
brought about by A. the loss of one X chromosome from all somatic cells in females. B. the accelerated production by genes on the Y chromosome. C. the lowered rate of synthesis by genes on the X chromosome. D. the inactivation of one X chromosome in all somatic cells of females. E. none of these.
What biogeographic patterns are likely to have played the most prominent role in diversification of ancestral mammalian lineages?
A. Proliferation of grasslands during the Cenozoic era B. Convergent evolution following loss of land bridges during the Cenozoic era C. New opportunities from loss of other vertebrates in the sixth mass extinction event during the Cenozoic era D. Fission and fusion events in plate tectonics during the Mesozoic era