The "common cold" is so common because
A. no immunity to the virus develops.
B. the highly variable parainfluenza virus causes colds.
C. a large number of coronaviruses cause it.
D. over 100 strains of rhinovirus cause colds.
E. 100+ strains of Rhinovirus and several other types of virus cause "colds."
Answer: E
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Refer to the paragraph on crucian carp
The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) is a Northern European freshwater fish often inhabiting ponds that become hypoxic (have reduced oxygen levels) and even anoxic (have no oxygen) when the surface freezes during the winter. Surprisingly, when oxygen levels are normal, these fish lack the lamellae that provide a large surface area for gas exchange between water and blood: their gills are smooth. Yet when the level of oxygen in the water falls, the gill morphology undergoes a change: packing cells stop dividing and programmed cell death is induced, exposing gill lamellae that were buried in other tissue. With lamellae exposed, the gills have increased surface area for gas exchange. These changes in gill lamellar profile are reversible: investigators observed that the gills return to their normal structure within seven days after returning the fish to well-oxygenated water. Gills serve multiple functions in fish in addition to gas exchange. Given the large surface area of gills with lamellae, what is the most likely explanation for why crucian carp cover protruding lamellae in their gills when levels of oxygen are normal? A) to prevent loss of heat to the surrounding water B) to prevent loss of ions to the surrounding water C) to prevent protein loss to the surrounding water D) to prevent loss of oxygen to the surrounding water
Which of the following can be changed based
on new evidence? a. hypothesis b. theory c. prediction d. experiment e. all of these
An action potential will be generated when the sum of all graded potentials reaches ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which of the following is NOT one of the "Big Five" mass extinctions?
A) End-Permian (251 Ma) B) End-Triassic (200 Ma) C) Late Devonian (about 360 Ma) D) Eocene-Oligocene (33.9 Ma) E) Terminal Ordovician (444 Ma)