Which of the following students provides the most accurate perspective on the availability heuristic?
a. Barbara: "The availability heuristic is actually very accurate, and it almost always leads us to the correct decision."
b. Harley: "The availability heuristic is generally accurate, but recency and familiarity can distort our decisions."
c. Angela: "The availability heuristic is generally accurate, except that we should be cautious about the recognition heuristic, which is not very accurate."
d. Magda: "Unfortunately, the availability heuristic is the least accurate of the three major heuristics, especially because of the hindsight bias."
Ans: b
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According to Sigmund Freud, repression is a defense mechanism that:
a. allows threatening thoughts and memories to be pushed from conscious awareness b. involves remembering information without willful intent c. causes memories to be forgotten spontaneously with the passage of time d. allows semantic memories to be erased if they are not rehearsed
When Susie wore her new pink outfit, she got several compliments. However, when she wore her new green outfit, she did not receive any compliments. Consequently, Susie wears her green outfit less frequently because of this
a. nonreinforcement. b. negative reinforcement. c. punishment. d. aversive conditioning.
Which of the following is important in caring for someone coping with dying?
a. "detached concern" b. not operating solely out of the helper's need to be needed c. not overburdening one's own resources d. having considerable self-awareness e. all of the above
Not only do members of the same family share similar patterns of body growth and development, but members of the same ethnic groups also show similar rates of growth and final body proportions. This suggests that
a. it is difficult to determine norms of physical growth. b. there is great individual variation in physical growth. c. cultural factors alone are responsible for physical development. d. genetic factors play an important role in physical development.