Growth
Match each statement with the correct item below.
a. Change over time in the structure, thoughts, and behaviors of an individual due to biological and environmental influences.
b. The principle that describes motor development as progressing from the midline of the body outward to the extremities; thus, chest, shoulders, and upper arms come under control before the hands and feet.
c. The name given to Vygotsky’s theory of mental development in which the emphasis is shifted away from the child in explaining development and to the influence of the individual’s social or cultural environment.
d. A theory that holds that development occurs in a steplike fashion, with each step or level qualitatively distinct from, and more complex than, previous levels.
e. A condition in which an individual’s response to a stimulus has rewarding or satisfying consequences.
f. Assumes that the developing child participates in the developmental process and literally constructs his or her own reality.
g. The first stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; in this stage, the infant learns about his environment by active manipulation of the objects in it.
h. Increase in size, function, or complexity to some point of optimal maturity; associated with quantitative change.
ANS: H
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Which of the following statements is true?
A) Teachers should mostly use the direct instructional model. B) Teachers should mostly use the indirect instructional model. C) Neither direct nor indirect instructional models should dominate a teachers instructional style. D) Teachers should use both models, but the indirect model is the best.
At age 7, Raphael is able to communicate in two languages, as well as maintain his sense of identity as he moves between two cultures on a daily basis. We would say Raphael is:
a. an example of additive bilingualism. b. bilingual and bicultural. c. monolingual and bicultural. d. an example of subtractive bilingualism.
After a tragic drag race that kills several students, a high school faculty wants to take action to reduce risk-taking behaviors among its student body. If the faculty considers recent research on risk taking in adolescence, its best course of action would be to:
a. identify and sponsor opportunities for reasonable, supervised risk taking. b. invite guest speakers whose lives have been adversely affected by the poor choices they made as teenagers. c. present national statistics regarding the probabilities of serious consequences when adolescents drive at high speeds, engage in unprotected sex, and so on. d. ask the police department to increase late-night supervision in parts of town where students have been known to do foolish things.
Stories which are lifelike and believable, without magic or supernatural powers are referred to as
a) folktales. b) legends. c) historical fiction. d) realistic fiction.