Edward Jenner was able to protect people from contracting smallpox by injecting them with material from cowpox pustules because
a. both smallpox and cowpox are caused by the same virus, which causes a less severe disease in cows.
b. antibodies against cowpox virus antigens can bind to similar proteins on the coat of smallpox virus.
c. the injected fluid activated the nonspecific immune response, guarding against any subsequent infection.
d. the material from the pustule contained antibodies that the cow had produced to the viral coat proteins.
e. the material from the pustules contained weakened smallpox virus.
B; This early form of vaccination confers active immunity, causing the recipient to develop antibodies. However the antibodies are made against cowpox virus, which is clearly caused by a different agent from the virus causing smallpox. The only way such antibodies would also be effective against smallpox is if they could also bind to a similarly shaped protein on the smallpox viral coat.
You might also like to view...
DNA affects the traits of an organism by providing the instructions for synthesizing _______.
A. proteins B. nucleotides C. codons D. amino acids
Which would be the most accurate endomembrane route through which a protein is secreted from a cell?
A. Golgi apparatus?lysosome?vesicles?plasma membrane B. plasmid?plasma membrane?nuclear envelope?smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. nuclear envelope?vesicles?Golgi apparatus?plasma membrane D. rough endoplasmic reticulum?lysosomes?vesicles?cell membrane E. rough endoplasmic reticulum? Golgi apparatus?vesicles ?plasma membrane
You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall so that 5 inches of the nail is showing. You come back 10 years later. The tree is now 30 feet tall and only 3 inches of the nail is showing. This is because secondary growth of the tree is from the
A. root tip. B. intercalary meristem. C. apical meristem. D. lateral meristem. E. node.
Which of the following statements comparing the naked mole rat social system with social insect societies are true? (Check all that apply.)
_____ As with social insect societies, colony members are kin. _____ As with social insect societies, it is based on haplodiploidy. _____ As with social insect societies, there is a division of labor within the colony. _____ As with social insect societies, there is one queen and several reproductive males per colony. _____ Unlike social insect societies, all colony members are diploid.