Abnormal changes in the contour of the breasts such as dimpling, retractions, or flattening may be due to a cancerous growth resulting in which of the following?
a. fibrotic shortening of Cooper's ligaments
b. necrosis of epidermal tissue
c. inflammation of the mammary duct
d. pectoral muscle atrophy
A
The breast is normally convex, without flattening, retractions, or dimpling. Changes in contour are highly suggestive of cancer. The fibrotic shortening of Cooper's ligament is a result of an invasive process and causes contour changes. Inflammation of the mammary duct has symptoms of significant breast tenderness.
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