Discuss how children learn to spell, and describe the spelling stages students progress through in elementary and middle school
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Children learn to spell over time: spelling is developmental, reflects a child's word knowledge, and occurs in stages. Children pass through five stages of spelling development: the prephonetic, early phonetic, phonetic, structural, and meaning/derivational stages. As children develop letter-sound spelling principles, they pass through the prephonetic, early phonetic, and phonetic stages. During these stages, children progress from using random letters to represent words to spelling phonetically using beginning, ending, and vowel sounds. When children become aware of structural elements of words, they progress into the structural spelling stage. This stage is also referred to as the transitional, word within word, or syllable juncture stage. During this stage, students build upon their knowledge of syllables, begin to spell with long vowels, and add endings to words. Children at this stage are also beginning to apply meanings of words to their spelling. Homophones and compounds are common examples. The final spelling stage is the meaning/derivational stage. Students within this stage have mastered common spelling patterns and are focusing on the connection between words that also have pronunciation changes. Many of the words students spell at this stage have roots in other languages and have alternate forms with different pronunciations but similar spellings.
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Three statistics about bullying are accurate. Which statistic is NOT?
A. Up to 23% of third graders report being bullied at least two to three times per month. B. Schools report that 10% to 30% of students are involved in bullying. C. More than 40% of students in grades 3 through 12 are afraid of being bullied. D. Over 75% of bullying incidents occur during class time.
The Test Makers Group constructed a new test in which the balance of relevant attributes in the sample is the same as that in the population. What kind of sample do the Test Makers Group have?
a. stratified random b. representative c. actual d. random
Learning disabilities may be characterized by an inability to process and organize information
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Cultural and ethnic practices that interface with the classroom may affect all of following except:
A) expectations for boys and girls. B) how sleeping arrangements are managed at home and how napping is arranged in the classroom. C) comfort with health practices in the classroom. D) health, safety and nutrition guidelines for young children.