The nurse is reviewing the process of cellular mutation with a patient newly diagnosed with cancer. What should the nurse explain about cellular mutation? (Select all that apply.)
a. The cell becomes malignant.
b. The cell can no longer divide.
c. DNA mistakes have been made.
d. The cell membrane is punctured.
e. Proteins are no longer synthesized.
f. There has been a genetic change in the cell.
ANS: A, C, E
A. C. E. DNA mistakes acquired during life are called mutations. A mutation is any change in the DNA code. Ultraviolet rays or exposure to certain chemicals may cause structural changes in the DNA code. Mutations may kill an affected cell or irreversibly alter its function. Such altered cells may become malignant. B, D, and F are associated with slowed growth or cell death.
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A pleural effusion can be caused by
A) increased colloid osmotic pressure of blood. B) increased pressure in the lymphatics. C) a tear in the bronchus. D) a decrease in surfactant.
If a patient is diagnosed with anemia, how are the tissues and cells affected?
a. More oxygen is able to be distributed in the cells and tissue. b. More carbon monoxide is rapidly delivered to the cells and tissue. c. Insufficient amounts of oxygen are delivered to the cells and tissue. d. The tissue and cells are not affected.
The best course of action to provide adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals is to
a. promote weight loss. b. eat a variety of foods. c. eat at least 3 meals per day. d. consume a high-fiber, low-fat diet.
Systematic inquiries have different rules from primary studies or original empirical investigations
A) True B) False