During the physical assessment of a client who has been inactive due to a leg injury, the nurse notes that the client tends to breathe very shallowly. What technique should the nurse teach the client in order to breathe more efficiently?
A) Deep breathing
B) Pursed-lip breathing
C) Diaphragmatic breathing
D) Incentive spirometry
A
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The nurse should teach deep breathing techniques to the client who tends to breathe shallowly in order to help the client breathe more efficiently. Deep breathing is a technique for maximizing ventilation. Taking in a large volume of air fills alveoli to a greater capacity, thus improving gas exchange. Pursed-lip breathing is a form of controlled ventilation in which the client consciously prolongs the expiration phase of breathing, which helps clients to eliminate more than the usual carbon dioxide from the lungs. It is used to increase the volume of air exchanged during inspiration and expiration. Incentive spirometry, a technique for deep breathing using a calibrated device, encourages clients to reach a goal-directed volume of inspired air. It prevents respiratory complications of immobility but does not directly increase the efficiency of breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing is breathing that promotes the use of the diaphragm rather than the upper chest muscles. It is used to increase the volume of air exchanged during inspiration and expiration.
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