Hyponatremia can sometimes be seen in individuals whose ECF volume is decreased by more than 10%. Which of the following factors contributes to the development of hyponatremia in this situation?
A. decreased levels of ADH
B. elevated levels of natriuretic peptides
C. increased excretion of Na+ by the kidneys
D. reduced excretion of solute-free water by the kidneys
E. development of positive Na+ balance
ANS: D
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