Matching
1) deviance
2) social order
3) social control
4) negative sanction
5) positive sanction
6) genetic predisposition
7) personality disorder
8) degradation ceremony
9) techniques of neutralization
10) strain theory
11) white collar crime
12) recidivism rate
13) capital punishment
14) serial murder
15) medicalization of deviance
A) an expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction to a formal one
B) Robert Merton's theory based on cultural goals and the institutionalized means to achieve them
C) a term to describe an attempt to remake the self by stripping away an individual's self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place
D) inborn tendencies to commit deviant acts
E) the percentage of released convicts who are rearrested
F) the killing of several victims in three or more separate events
G) ways of thinking or rationalizing that help people deflect society's rules
H) the violation of rules or norms
I) a group's usual and customary social arrangements on which its members depend and which they base their lives
J) to make deviance a medical matter, a symptom of some underlying illness that needs to be treated by physicians
K) crimes committed by people of respectable and high social status in the course of their occupations
L) another term for the death penalty
M) a group's formal and informal means of enforcing norms
N) reward or positive reaction for following norms ranging from a smile to a prize
O) the view that a personality disturbance of some sort causes an individual to violate social norms
1) H; 2) I; 3) M; 4) A; 5) N; 6) D; 7) O; 8) C; 9) G; 10) B; 11) K; 12) E; 13) L; 14) F; 15) J
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What have anticorporate activists in the United States done to promote cultural activism?
A. worked to have the media more closely regulated B. lobbied the federal government to limit the number of big businesses that are being created C. established independent media outlets D. very little other than complain about corporate America
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Today, sociologists would describe Tocqueville’s work as a study on democratic culture. 2. Today, sociologists would describe Tocqueville’s work as an institutional analysis of democratic government. 3. In comparing aristocracy with democracy, Tocqueville only theorized on the macro-level. 4. Perhaps because he was from an aristocratic family, in his work Tocqueville had little if any sense of social class. 5. According to Tocqueville, in France the lower classes were treated much better by the upper classes after the French Revolution because the aristocrats feared being overthrown again.
Which of the following theories frames collective behavior as rational?
a. Social movement theory b. Contagion theory c. Convergence theory d. Emergent norm theory
Which of the following did Spencer think was a difficulty sociologists must overcome? Select all, but only those that apply.
a. Unlike natural phenomena, social phenomena are not directly observable. b. Unlike psychological phenomena, social phenomena cannot be assessed introspectively. c. Social phenomena is widely disbursed across both time and space. d. Social phenomena are subjectively created by humans, and subjectively perceived by humans (including sociologists).