The patient, newly diagnosed with epilepsy, asks the nurse to explain the meaning of the diagnosis. What is the nurse's best response?
A) "Epilepsy is a single disease that causes seizures."
B) "Epilepsy is a convulsive disorder caused by electrical discharge in the muscle."
C) "Epilepsy is characterized by sudden discharge of excessive electrical energy."
D) "Epilepsy is the tonic–clonic muscle contractions with potential to cause injury.
B
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The most prevalent of the neurological disorders, epilepsy is not a single disease but a collection of different syndromes characterized by the same feature: sudden discharge of excessive electrical energy from nerve cells located within the brain, which leads to a seizure. In some cases, this release stimulates motor nerves, resulting in convulsions, with tonic–clonic muscle contractions that have the potential to cause injury, tics, and spasms. Other discharges may stimulate autonomic or sensory nerves and cause very different effects, such as a barely perceptible, temporary lapse in consciousness or a sympathetic reaction.
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