A patient has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for many years. When the patient does not smoke or tries to cut back, anxiety, craving, poor concentration, and headache result. What does this scenario describe?
a. Substance abuse
b. Substance intoxication
c. Substance dependence
d. Recreational use of a social drug
ANS: C
Nicotine meets the criteria for a substance, the criterion for dependence (tolerance) is present, and withdrawal symptoms are noted with abstinence or a reduction of the dose. The scenario does not meet the criteria for substance abuse, intoxication, or recreational use of a social drug.
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