Vygotsky and his followers have proposed that children's and adolescents' cognitive development is promoted when they work within their zone of proximal development and that scaffolding enables them to do this successfully. a. Explain these two concepts, and give a concrete example of each one. b. Choose a topic or skill that is apt to be in the zone of proximal development for most students at a
particular grade level. Then explain how you would (1 ) scaffold students' efforts and (2 ) change the scaffolding over time.
What will be an ideal response?
a. The zone of proximal development is the range of tasks that a child can do only with the assistance of a more competent individual. Scaffolding is some type of structure that the more competent individual provides to help a child perform a difficult task successfully; this structure is gradually removed over time as the child becomes more skillful. The response should include a concrete example of each of these concepts.
b. Students' responses will vary considerably depending on the grade level, topic, and specific form of scaffolding they choose. A response should identify a topic or skill that most students at the grade level identified would find challenging but not impossible. It should include both an appropriate form of scaffolding (see the bulleted list under the heading "Scaffold students' early efforts at challenging tasks and assignments" for possibilities) and a description of how the scaffolding is gradually removed over time.
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