Extracellular messengers binding on surface receptors may exert effects on cells via all the following means, except:

a. opening gated channels.
b. opening a gated channel through activation of a G protein.
c. activation of the adenylyl cyclase system.
d. binding to sites and then being endocytized.
e. ultimately activating protein kinases.


D

Anatomy & Physiology

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Anatomy & Physiology