What was the first expedition devoted entirely to marine science? What new equipment was used on
this expedition to facilitate more research? What information was acquired? What will be an ideal response?
ANS:Answer
should include:
? The HMS Challenger expedition was the first voyage devoted to marine science. The
idea for the expedition was conceived by Charles Wyville Thomson and his student John
Murray. They were inspired by Charles Darwin's findings from the HMS Beagle
expedition.
? The course that the Challenger voyaged was directed by a six-man team of scientists.
This solely scientific expedition was different than previous hybrid expeditions that
combined science with other voyage goals.
? The scientists used a steam powered winch that allowed them to obtain deep sea
samples. On previous expeditions, deep sea samples were only able to be made by hand
lowering meters of rope. This technology enabled the scientists to collect samples from
waters as deep as 8,185 meters.
? The expedition made use of mechanical grabs and nets to collect specimens and water
samples from the deep. Over the course of the trip, 151 trawls were conducted, and 77
water samples were collected.
? The information gathered on the Challenger's expedition was compiled into a fifty
volume report. The scientists discovered 4,717 new specimens. Measurements were
taken of the ocean's salinity, temperature, and water density. Ocean currents,
meteorology, and sediment distribution were also recorded. They were even able to
collect Manganese nodules with the use of the new equipment aboard the ship.
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