Heckhausen (1982) suggests that when setting challenging standards for a child to promote achievement motivation, parents should ________.
A. set a goal that exceeds the child's abilities
B. instill a fear of failure
C. emphasize the child's ability over his or her effort
D. reward the child when a goal is attained
Answer: D
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The idea that one's self-esteem is tied to one's group memberships is the basis for
a. ingroup prejudice theory. c. competitive prejudice theory. b. social identity theory. d. personal self-esteem theory.
Myopia is the condition of the eyes in which the person cannot
a. focus on distant objects. b. see very well in dim illumination. c. focus on objects near the eyes. d. see clearly because the lens is pigmented.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a testable research hypothesis?
a. It is stated in terms of operational definitions. b. It states how the independent variable is manipulated. c. It specifies the relation between the independent and dependent variables. d. It reflects both inductive and deductive reasoning.
ALL BUT WHICH of the following is true of psychophysiological measures?
a. They may assess activity of the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, or the skeletomotor system. b. They may assess processes that cannot be assessed directly through self-report measures. c. They are often more sensitive at assessing certain processes than other (e.g., behavioral) types of measures. d. The concepts of reliability and validity are not relevant to psychophysiological measures.