The pressure announced on last night's television weather broadcast was 29.92. Explain how this was measured and give the units. Would this be considered an unusually large or low pressure value?
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ANSWER: “29.92” stands for 29.92 inches of mercury (in. Hg), which is equivalent to 1013.25 mb and 76 cm. It’s the pressure found at sea level, which is also called standard atmospheric pressure.
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The barometer used to obtain this pressure reading was a mercury barometer. Evangelista Torricelli, a student of Galileo, invented the mercury barometer in 1643. His barometer, similar to those in use today, consisted of a long glass tube open at one end and closed at the other. Removing air from the tube and covering the open end, Torricelli immersed the lower portion into a dish of mercury. He removed the cover, and the mercury rose up the tube to nearly 76 cm (or about 30 in.) above the level in the dish. Torricelli correctly concluded that the column of mercury in the tube was balancing the weight of the air above the dish, and hence its height was a measure of atmospheric pressure. Mercury barometers are still used today in many settings, although they are no longer manufactured or sold in Europe because of restrictions on the use of mercury.
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