Can mutation rates evolve in laboratory experiments? Briefly describe an experiment that researchers performed to investigate this, and state whether the mutation rate did evolve, and if so, whether it evolved to become higher or lower
What will be an ideal response?
Mutation rates do evolve in laboratory experiments. There are two examples in the text: First, when bacterial strains with a large range of mutation rates were competed against each other in the laboratory, the winning strains had higher mutation rates than the ancestral strain. Second, when bacterial strains coexisted with a harmful virus, several strains evolved higher mutation rates, but when bacterial strains grew in the absence of the virus, they never evolved higher mutation rates.
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During a microarray analysis, cDNAs made from normal cells are stained with a green fluor and
cDNAs from abnormal cells are stained with a red fluor. Which of the following statements is true about the results of this experiment?
a. Red spots indicate genes that are underexpressed in abnormal cells. b. Red spots indicate genes that are not expressed in abnormal cells. c. Red spots indicate genes that are overexpressed in abnormal cells. d. Red spots indicate genes that are overexpressed in normal cells. e. Red spots indicate pseudogenes.
If integration of DNA provided by pronuclear injection occurs after three cell divisions, the resulting mouse will
A) not contain the transgene in any cells. B) be a mosaic of cells with some cells containing the transgene and others not. C) contain the transgene in only germ cells. D) contain the transgene in only somatic cells.
If it were possible, which of the following methods would be the most effective at eliminating parasitic
flukes? A. eliminate clams from the ocean shoreline B. eliminate freshwater snails C. avoid eating undercooked pork D. avoid eating undercooked beef E. avoid coming in contact with infected individuals
Diatoms are commonly used in which of the following commercial products?
a. pool filters b. reflective paints c. cosmetics d. a and b e. a, b and c