How does prolonged stress by itself sometimes produce symptoms of illness?
What will be an ideal response?
Prolonged stress leads to elevated levels of cortisol and other chemicals that stimulate the immune system. When the immune system is highly active, it produces fever, sleepiness, and loss of appetite--the same symptoms that many illnesses produce.
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The likelihood principle states that
A. we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received. B. we perceive size to remain the same size even when objects move to different distances. C. it is easier to perceive vertical and horizontal orientations. D. feature detectors are likely to create a clear perception of an object.
The stories of Peter Tripp and Randy Gardner (two different people who each endured extremely long periods of sleep deprivation) suggest that:
A) extreme sleep deprivation invariably leads to a very specific set of symptoms (e.g., hallucinations, breakdowns in judgment) B) an advantage of case studies is that a lot of general information about human beings can be gathered from studying only one or two people C) a drawback of case studies is that different case studies often yield different results D) case studies often fail to use basic safeguards against biased observations
The abnormalities associated with hyponatremia occur when
A. sodium levels are high, but extracellular fluid levels are low. B. sodium levels are low, but extracellular fluid levels are high. C. both sodium and extracellular fluid levels are low. D. both sodium and extracellular fluid levels are high.
Which of the following has been identified as a force that undermines prevention activities?
A. people’s passivity B. lack of long-term benefits C. lack of trust D. difficulty accessing services