Whereas Piaget viewed cognitive development as the result of the child's own exploratory actions, Vygotsky believed that cognitive abilities develop
a. as a result of the child's mental representations rather than physical actions
b. only after children learn to use language to communicate
c. in sociocultural contexts and through social interaction
d. as a result of brain maturation
C
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The following is caused by a single pair of genes
a. cystic fibrosis. b. Down syndrome. c. sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities. d. Crohn's disease.
A "hookah" is a ___________
a. hollowed-out cigar filled with marijuana and nicotine b. new type of smokeless tobacco c. water pipe d. tobacco substitute used in treatment
REM sleep becomes possible when the
a. reduced activity of the locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei disinhibits the rostral pontine reticular formation. b. increased activity of the locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei stimulates the rostral pontine reticular formation. c. increased activity of the locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei inhibits the rostral pontine reticular formation. d. decreased activity of the rostral pontine reticular formation stimulates the locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei.
As they are running out to the playground, 9-year-old Tasha notices that another child has fallen down and is lying in the hallway
According to Eisenberg's theory of prosocial reasoning, what level is Tasha at if she thinks to herself "I understand that it really hurts to fall, so I should help her stand up"? A) hedonistic orientation B) needs-of-other orientation C) approval and/or stereotyped orientation D) empathic orientation