A 76-year-old patient is hospitalized with pneumonia. She has become increasingly confused throughout the shift. The nurse becomes concerned about her condition and contacts the health care provider who orders arterial blood gasses
The blood gasses show a pH of 7.33, PaCO2 of 47, PaO2 of 78 and bicarbonate of 26 . This indicates which of the following? A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
B
Respiratory acidosis is an increased arterial carbon dioxide concentration (PaCO2), excess carbonic acid (H2CO3), and an increased hydrogen ion concentration (pH less than 7.35). Hypoventilation causes respiratory acidosis, which causes the cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells to become acidic, producing neurological changes. Respiratory depression can also cause hypoxemia, resulting in further neurological impairment.
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A child who is able to use a systematic, scientific problem-solving approach is in which of the Piaget stages of cognitive development?
a. Sensorimotor b. Preoperational thought c. Formal operational thought d. Concrete operational thought
To provide competent newborn care, the nurse understands that respirations are initiated at birth as a result of
a. An increase in the PO2 and a decrease in PCO2 b. The continued functioning of the foramen ovale c. Chemical, thermal, sensory, and mechanical factors d. Drying off the infant
To relieve a child's feeling of thirst immediately after tonsillectomy, the best thing to offer would be
A) milk. B) juice. C) ice chips. D) ginger ale.
The nurse brings the client's medications into the room and the client shouts, "You don't care if I take these, so get out of my room!" Which response by the nurse is most likely to diminish the client's anger?
1. "Who misinformed you about my feelings?" 2. "You seem very angry about the medications.". 3. "We know each other; why are you saying this?" 4. "I cannot leave until you take these medications.".