What is the best reason that scholars consider Florence Nightingale as the first nurse researcher?
1. She changed nursing by basing her practice on her research findings.
2. She identified a body of knowledge unique to nursing.
3. She collected data in a systematic fashion.
4. She communicated the data collected to other nurses.
1
Rationale 1: Florence Nightingale used the research process as an entity and did not merely use some aspects of the research process. She used this systematic approach and its resultant findings to change nursing practice.
Rationale 2: Only in recent years have nurses concentrated on establishing a unique body of nursing knowledge. This has occurred in the years since Nightingale.
Rationale 3: Although Nightingale did begin systematically making and recording data, it was her admonishment that all nurses do the same that began to change nursing.
Rationale 4: Whereas Nightingale used observations to influence practice in her sphere of control, it is unclear how widely she was able to disseminate the information.
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Environmental factors impacting on neural tube defects include:
a. low folic acid intake, maternal anticonvulsant therapy, certain geographical areas, ethnicity, maternal obesity and maternal diabetes. b. low folic acid intake, maternal parity, maternal antibiotic therapy and maternal cardiovascular disease. c. low folic acid intake, maternal hypertension, maternal antibiotic therapy, alcohol ingestion and smoking. d. low folic acid intake, maternal hypertension, maternal blood group, alcohol ingestion and smoking.
When admitting a patient, pay particular attention to
A. the patient's clothing. B. what the visitors tell you. C. the patient's personal belongings. D. the condition of the patient's skin.