What are macrophages, and what are their functions?
What will be an ideal response?
Macrophages are one of the principal phagocytic cells in the second line of defense. They are monocytes that have left the bloodstream and entered tissues. They are named according to their location in the body: wandering macrophages, alveolar macrophages (in the lungs), microglia (in the nervous system), and others. These phagocytes provide some protection against infection by phagocytizing microbes and are scavengers that clean the tissues of dead cells, debris, and inert foreign material (dust, etc.). Macrophages also play a role in triggering acute inflammation by releasing various inflammatory chemicals when microbes are detected by means of TLRs (extracellular molecules) and NODs (intracellular molecules resulting from phagocytosis).
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You are interested in reducing the overall ecological impact of your college/university. Which of the following would immediately contribute to your goal? (Choose all correct answers.)
A. lower enrollment and a reduced college workforce B. decreased energy use in buildings C. installation of solar energy in some buildings
The movement of NH4+ ions into a cell down an electrochemical gradient created by H+ pumping is an example of
____.
a. an ion pump b. passive diffusion c. facilitated diffusion d. secondary active transport e. passive transport
Which reaction is the aerobic respiration of glucose?
a. C6H12O6 + 6 H2O ? 6 CO2 + 12 H2 + energy b. C4H12O4 + 2 H2O + 6 CO2 ? 6 O2 + ATP + energy c. C4H12O4 + 12 O2 + 6 H2O ? 6 CO2 + ATP + energy d. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O ? 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + energy e. C4H12O2 + 6 O2 + ATP ? 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + energy
Several groups of protists have variable modes of nutrition: Some species are photoautotrophs, whereas close relatives are heterotrophs. Such diversity even exists within a single species in some cases. Evidence suggests that this pattern is a result of the __________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).