A 54-year-old patient tells the nurse that she is very upset that her son has become involved in demonstrations protesting corporate lobbying. Which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development does the nurse identify as her patient's current stage?
1. Adaptation
2. Assimilation
3. Conventional
4. Pre-conventional
Answer: 1
Explanation: In the conventional stage, the individual focuses on doing his or her duty to keep the social order, which the patient would prefer her son to do. Adaptation and assimilation are concepts of Piaget's cognitive theory, not Kohlberg's stages of moral development. The pre-conventional stage is characterized by avoidance of punishment.
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