Positive reinforcement is the presentation of a desirable reinforcer after a behavior has been exhibited. Which of the following is the most accurate characteristic of a reinforcer?
a. The consequences of behavior tend to increase or sustain the frequency or duration with which the behavior is exhibited in the future.
b. Very few people receive positive reinforcement throughout each day.
c. The process of positive reinforcement involves increasing the probability of a behavior recurring by reinforcing it with a reinforcer regardless if it is meaningful to the individual or not.
d. A reinforcer need not be perceived as reinforcing by the individual.
A
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You can lower your stress level in college by:
a. talking about your problems with friends and family b. talking with a college counselor c. taking some time to rest and relax d. all of these are good choices
Which of the following is NOT an example of intrinsic motivation?
A. Mastery B. Challenge C. Fascination D. Credits
A researcher computes a two-independent-sample t test. What type of research situation describes a situation in which this test is used to analyze the data?
A. A graduate student selects a sample of participants to test if the time spent on task is greater than 30 min. B. A researcher matches right- and left-handed siblings to test if right-handed siblings express greater emotional intelligence than their left-handed counterparts. C. A professor tests whether students who repeat a course perform better on the first or second time they complete the course. D. A professor tests whether students who always sit in the front row of class score higher on class exams than students who always sit in the back row of class
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. The two major purposes of grades are to provide information and to aid in making administrative decisions within the school. 2. Combining conduct and achievement into one grade improves the accuracy of the grade’s meaning. 3. Using extra-credit assignments to alter grades gives a clearer picture of the student’s level of mastery. 4. A disadvantage of percentage grades is the difficulty in making distinctions of less than 4 to 7 points out of the 100. 5. Letter grades have become the least commonly used grading system to represent students’ achievement.