What situation causes stress to reefs?
A. A parasitic relationship with dinoflagellates
B. Clear waters in which all nutrients have settled
C. Decline in fishing operations
D. Lowering of sea level due to climate changes
E. Pollutants released in coastal waters
Answer: E
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The function of a protein is dependent upon the shape into which the chain of amino acids folds. Many non-covalent interactions are responsible for maintaining the protein's shape. Assume you have isolated a protein from an organism in its proper shape
and you have treated it with an enzyme that selectively targets and breaks only the peptide bonds in the proteins. Would the protein retain its shape under these conditions? A. Yes; once the shape of a protein is formed, the peptide bonds are unnecessary. B. Yes; the non-covalent interactions are stronger than the peptide bonds. C. No; while the non-covalent bonds determine the shape of a protein, the peptide bonds are required to hold the amino acids together. D. Yes; but the shape would be affected to a greater extent by changes in temperature.
All of the following are examples of chronic diseases EXCEPT
a. cancer. b. diabetes. c. heart disease. d. influenza.
To cause actual damage to a host, a microbe must:
a. produce toxins that destroy tissue b. induce an injurious immune response c. evade immune system responses d. utilize a portal of exit
Chilling, freezing, and desiccation are
A) microbicidal. B) microbistatic. C) disinfectants. D) sterilants.