What led to the professionalization of journalism in the latter part of the twentieth century?
a. The increase of lawsuits filed against newspapers for libel and slander
b. The rise of investigative journalism during the Cold War and Vietnam War
c. The increasing pressure from governmental agencies for newspapers to discipline reporters and provide balanced reporting
d. The development of communications and journalism as an academic discipline, and the creation of professional ethics
d
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Marx believed that ______ forces determined history and politics.
A. material B. ideological C. individual D. social
Which of the following statements about "Black empowerment" is FALSE?
a. It has involved legislation that requires all companies in South Africa to hire a certain percentage of Africans. b. Those who have benefited the most have often been politically well connected. c. It has involved legislation that requires companies that win government contracts allocate shares to Blacks and other previously disadvantaged people. d. Although there is limited evidence that it has produced a substantial rise in the number of Black-owned companies, there is significant evidence that it has increased black participation in the economy. e. It has not reduced Black poverty and may, in fact, have promoted economic inefficiencies that have curbed growth and job creation.
In which stage of the public policy process is the emphasis on the actual delivery of the valued good or service?
A. implementation B. problem definition C. evaluation D. issue identification
Elite theories argue that
a. No group has complete or permanent power. b. Political parties are the most important political actors. c. Policy is the result of compromise among groups. d. Even in democracies, a small group possesses virtually all power.