Between ages 4 and 8, children's magical beliefs decline as they
A) gain familiarity with physical events and principles.
B) understand that television characters are not real.
C) begin to ascribe supernatural causes only to events they can explain.
D) become less likely to confuse fiction with reality.
Answer: A
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If test-takers are likely to answer items on a self-report test in terms of their social desirability rather than truthfully, this problem can be solved by . . .
a. Asking respondents to choose between items matched on social desirability b. Asking respondents to answer honestly c. Asking respondents to take a lie detector test d. All of the above
Which of these is known to be a risk factor for schizophrenia?
(a) heavy drinking in the teenage years (b) growing up in a family in which emotions are not freely expressed (c) growing up in a family in which the parents were too close and excluded the children (d) being male (e) none of these
A child watches other children wince with pain as they receive hypodermic injections. Although the child has never received an injection, he responds emotionally when a needle is brought near him. His reaction is an example of
a. operant conditioning. b. spontaneous recovery of fear. c. simple classical conditioning. d. vicarious classical conditioning.
The key ethical concern for the Stanford prison study was ______.
A. the welfare of the participants and the prisoners in particular B. whether the study should have been planned for longer than 2 weeks C. the extent to which guards were working too many shifts each day D. whether or not the prison was secure enough to hold the prisoners