Due to the file-drawer effect and research publication bias...
A. research with surprising results is more likely to become available to us than research with unsurprising results
B. we are more likely to remember when we read surprising research than when we read an unsurprising research
C. research with surprising results should not be treated as providing any evidence for those results
D. research with surprising results is published even though it does not meet professional standards
Answer: A. research with surprising results is more likely to become available to us than research with unsurprising results
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According to the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith, which of the following does the Catholic Church believe to be morally illegitimate?
a) Attempts to manipulate genetic materials for the purpose of sex selection. b) Artificial insemination involving unmarried individuals. c) Destroying human embryos produced by in vitro techniques for the purposes of either research or procreation. d) All of these choices.
Throughout this test, write your answer on the form provided. Erasure marks may cause the grading machine to mark your answer wrong. INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. Evolution is central to vertebrate biology because it provides a principle that organizes the diversity we see
among living vertebrates. Also it helps to fit extinct forms into the context of living species. Classification, initially a process of attaching names to organisms, has become a method of understanding evolution. F. Harvey Pough, et al., Vertebrate Life, 7th edition A) Argument; conclusion: It provides a principle ... among living vertebrates. B) Argument; conclusion: Classification ... a method for understanding evolution. C) Nonargument. D) Argument; conclusion: Evolution is central to vertebrate biology. E) Argument; conclusion: It helps to fit ... the context of living species.
By applying the rule Contr to " ~ C ? ~ B" we can deduce
A) B ? C B) ~ B ? ~C C) ~ C
Throughout this test, write your answer on the form provided. Erasure marks may cause the grading machine to mark your answer wrong. INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. Water is abundant over most of the earth's surface, and within the temperature range usually encountered there,
it is liquid. Water also is a powerful solvent. Consequently, water is an excellent medium for the chemical processes of living systems. It is hard to imagine life having any other basis than water. Robert E. Ricklefs, The Economy of Nature, 5th ed. A) Argument; conclusion: It is hard to imagine life having any other basis than water. B) Nonargument. C) Argument; conclusion: Water is abundant ... it is liquid. D) Argument; conclusion: Water is an excellent medium ... living systems. E) Argument; conclusion: Water also is a powerful solvent.