A client who is in the hospital for an infection asks the nurse what defenses the body has against infection. The nurse responds that which of the following physiological barriers helps defend the body against microorganisms?
1. Heavy smoking
2. Moisturizing the skin
3. Breakdown of skin
4. Voiding a sufficient quantity
4. Voiding a sufficient quantity
Rationale:
Voiding a sufficient quantity of urine is a form of barrier protection that helps the body to defend itself against microorganisms. The act of voiding flushes those organisms that might try to enter the body through the urinary meatus. Heavy smoking does not defend the body from microorganisms; it destroys the cilia in the nose that helps to filter organisms. Moisturizing the skin and breakdown of the skin can both allow microorganisms to enter the body.
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