Discuss the types of juvenile sentencing structures. Also, detail the efforts taken by various states to implement the reform measures to change sentencing and other juvenile procedures
What will be an ideal response?
The answer should include the following points:
- three types—determinate, indeterminate, blended
- first efforts at reform—1971 Juvenile Justice Standards Project—comprehensive guidelines for juvenile offenders that would base sentences on the seriousness of the crime rather than on the needs of the youth
- thrusts—end of disparity in juvenile sentencing—basic concerns juvenile court judges
- New York—Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 1976—determinate sentence for class A felonies—placement of juveniles
- the state of Washington (1977)—determinate sentencing system
- 1980s—mandating minimum terms of incarceration (Colorado, Kentucky, and Idaho); enacting a comprehensive system of sentencing guidelines (Arizona, Georgia, and Minnesota)
- 1995—Texas legislature—“get-tough” changes
- 1990s—nearly every state enacted mandatory sentencing for violent and repetitive juvenile offenders
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a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Matching
Column 1 Column 2 1. Line Organization a. This type of structure is found in almost all but the very smallest police agencies. Channels of responsibility and authority are thus left intact, since the specialist's responsibility is to "think and provide expertise" for the line units, which are then responsible for "doing." 2. Functional Organization b. This type of structure is rarely found in present-day organizations except near the top level. It divides the responsibility and authority among specialists. The manager's responsibility in this type of organization is limited to the particular activity over which he has control regardless of who performs the function. 3. Line and Staff Organization c. This is often called individual, military, or departmental type. It is the simplest and perhaps the oldest form and is seldom encountered in its true form, except in the smallest of organizations. It involves a division of the work into units with a person in charge who has complete control and who can be held directly accountable for results, or lack of them.
Which of the following is NOT a function of jails?
A. holding individuals for protective custody B. holding individuals for contempt C. holding inmates sentenced to long terms D. temporarily detaining juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities