Toll-like receptors (TLRs) bind molecules on pathogens. Why is this helpful to the immune response?
A. It provides a highly specific response to very small and highly unique areas on an individual pathogenic microbe, providing the most specific and selective response possible.
B. It provides a general response to broad categories of molecules/cells that should NOT be in our system, as we don't have these molecules on our own cells.
C. These secreted molecules help bind pathogens and then direct them to receptors on the immune system cells that are best capable of eliminating them from our systems. TLRs are delivery mechanisms for the immune responses.
D. TLRs are capable of directly lysing (destroying) the microbes, helping our immune responses by eliminating pathogens.
B
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An enzyme has a total of four active sites. When you denature the molecule and study its composition, you find that each active site occurs on a different polypeptide. Which of the following hypotheses does this observation support?
A) The enzyme is subject to regulation. B) The enzyme requires a cofactor to function normally. C) The protein's structure is affected by temperature and pH. D) The protein has quaternary structure.
The term herbaceous implies that a plant
A. is only found in wet environments. B. has not developed a secondary vascular tissue. C. probably will live several years. D. has no apical meristem. E. lacks vascular tissue.
Noller’s conclusions from his experiments on ribosomes
a. were accepted immediately by the scientific community b. showed that the site of peptide bond formation is on rRNAs of the small ribosomal subunit c. indicated that site of peptide bond formation is on proteins of the small ribosomal subunit d. showed that the site of peptide bond formation is on rRNAs of the large ribosomal subunit e. indicated that site of peptide bond formation is on proteins of the large ribosomal subunit
Food and water are carried throughout your body in blood vessels. In a plant, the transportation of food and water is the main function of two types of vascular tissue. Which tissue in a stem conducts water upward?
A) dermal tissue B) ground tissue C) xylem D) phloem