A pulse oximeter reading will be most accurate when used with a patient in which of the follow-ing situations?
a. An intensive care unit patient with hyper-bilirubinemia
b. A hypotensive patient receiving peripheral vasoconstrictors
c. An emergency department patient with evidence of smoke inhalation
d. An open heart patient receiving extracor-poreal membrane oxygenation
ANS: A
Hyperbilirubinemia does not appear to affect pulse oximetry measurements as do low perfusion states, which are caused by the use of peripheral vasoconstrictors or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Carbon monoxide poisoning will lead to an overestimation of oxygen sat-uration measured by pulse oximeter (SpO2).
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