Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Cross-sectional research collects data at one point in time.
2. If a contextual effect exists, then causality cannot be established.
3. Time order cannot be established in cross-sectional research designs.
4. A trend study has a repeated cross-sectional design.
5. Quantitative research generally seeks to test idiographic causal explanations using either experimental or nonexperimental designs.


1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False

Political Science

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The opinion of a court laying out the official position of the court in the case is known as the

A) minority opinion. B) dissenting opinion. C) majority opinion. D) primary jurisdiction. E) prevailing jurisdiction.

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Fiscal policy suffers from all of the following limitations except

a. a deflationary bias b. the crowding out effect c. recognition, administrative, and operation timing lags d. irreversibility of changes in government spending or taxes

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In its decision in Gonzales v. Raich (2005), the Supreme Court sided with ______.

a. Raich and Monson b. the State of California c. the federal government d. the Food and Drug Administration

Political Science

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are public goods that governments typically provide for the benefit of businesses?

a. physical security b. infrastructure c. product ideas d. workforce education

Political Science