How did states use land as a way to maximize resources to increase their economic productivity in the eighteenth century?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

A. Use of land as a resource
1. in Britain, landholdings were considerably consolidated during the
eighteenth century, with important consequences for efficiency
a. reducing labor costs
b. replacing inefficient grain farming with grazing
c. improving soils by draining and fertilizing
d. enhancing livestock by scientific stockbreeding
e. diversifying crops to maximize use of the earth
2. in much of the highland zone of Scotland, landlords expelled or
exterminated smallholders to make way for large sheep-grazing estates
3. French agriculturalists who called themselves "physiocrats"
recommended ways to improve agriculture to enrich France
4. agricultural improvement societies promoted English-style changes in
Spain and Spanish America
5. in Korea and Japan, many works of popular agricultural advice were
published to satisfy a passionate market for agricultural improvement
a. in Korea small landholdings were consolidated into huge farms
for cash crops: ginseng, tobacco, and cotton
b. in Japan, agriculture became commercialized, as peasant
subsistence agriculture virtually disappeared