Discuss Likert's four systems of management. Which are more closely aligned with classical theories of management? Human relations theory? Human resource theory?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Likert suggested a series of four management systems that range from a more
classically oriented system to one based on human resources theory. The first system of
management, the exploitative authoritative system, is rooted in classical theory.
In this system, managers tend to motivate their workers through fear, threats, punishment,
and occasional reward. Decision making under this system occurs at the top of the
organizational hierarchy, and the decision makers are rarely aware of problems at lower
levels of the organization. The second system is a benevolent authoritative system.
This system is based partially on rewards and also on the potential for punishment. Policy
decisions are made at the top of the hierarchy while lower levels are granted some
decision-making power but within a framework prescribed by upper management.
The consultative system of management is perhaps most closely aligned with the way
human relations theory is traditionally practiced. Although policy decisions and general
decisions are made at the top of the hierarchy, more specific decisions are made at lower
levels. Goal setting occurs after managers discuss the problems and plan actions with