In Skinnerian terms, tension-reduction theory suggests that alcohol use is maintained through ______.
A. negative punishment
B. negative reinforcement
C. positive punishment
D. positive reinforcement
B. negative reinforcement
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A person who has learned to depend on alcohol and is unable to control her or his drinking is a(n) __________.
A. addict B. enabler C. dependence seeker D. alcoholic
What is the most accurate statement regarding psychological processes?
a. They are mostly based on nature throughout a person's life. b. They are based on a complex interaction between nature and culture throughout a person's life. c. They are mostly based on nature in infancy, and mostly based on culture in childhood and adulthood. d. They are mostly based on culture in infancy and childhood, and mostly based on nature in adulthood.
William arrived at a large, culturally diverse university from a small isolated town, excited to start his college education. Quickly, though, he became fearful and suspicious of students different than himself. William needs to
try to befriend students of other cultures to understand them better. go to the counseling center on campus for help. restrict his interactions to students like himself. use cognitive flexibility to counter the stereotypes he has learned.
According to Erikson, before Marshall can develop intimacy with another person, he must have established his _________
a. identity b. intimacy c. isolation d. generativity