During a triathlon, many individuals reach a point in which their muscles are in oxygen debt, a state characterized by low or no oxygen available for cellular respiration. Describe how oxygen debt would impact energy production in these athletes
What will be an ideal response?
Oxygen is needed to completely break down or oxidize organic substrates like glucose or fats to yield energy in the form of ATP. If oxygen becomes limited, then the citric acid cycle slows, and in turn fewer electrons are passed to the electron transport pathway. Eventually, energy demand far exceeds production by the muscles, and the triathlete is forced to slow down or stop.
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The chemical linkages that exert an attractive force over the greatest distance are ____
a. polar covalent bonds b. van der Waals forces c. ionic bonds d. hydrogen bonds e. nonpolar covalent bonds
Scientists have created genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by isolating and then transferring the jellyfish gene for green fluorescent protein into pigs, bacteria, plants, and mice. The result was bioluminescent organisms! These experiments demonstrate that
A. genes can only be transferred to other organisms within the same species. B. genes have no difficulty crossing the species barrier. C. animal genes from one species will not function if transferred into other animals. D. jellyfish genes may be transferred into other aquatic ectotherms, but not mammals.
A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called
A. an extremophile. B. a facultative psychrophile. C. a psychrophile. D. a thermophile. E. thermoduric.
Ignaz Semmelweis demonstrated the importance of (antisepsis/vaccination/washing) as a means of preventing disease transmission
What will be an ideal response?