In what ways has the stop-and-frisk law been expanded? Summarize pertinent cases
What will be an ideal response?
Automobile searches involve a specific set of rules as to what police officers can do with automobiles when they have reasonable suspicion. Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648 (1979), sets forth the rule that police officers can stop and detain motorists in their vehicles so long as the officers have "at least articulable and reasonable suspicion" that the motorists are violating the law. For example, if a police officer observes a driver run a stop sign, the officer is justified in pulling the person over and detaining him or her because reasonable suspicion is present.
Another decision that essentially expands stop-and-frisk is Terry is Maryland v. Buie, 494 U.S. 325 (1990). If police lawfully make an arrest in a person's residence, a protective sweep of the home is permitted based on the Terry rationale. A sweep is when one or more officers disperse throughout the home with the intent of looking for other people who could pose a threat to the officers making the arrest.
In Dickerson, when the police officer frisked the suspect, he exceeded the bounds of Terry because the officer "squeezed, slid, and otherwise manipulated the packet's content" before learning that it was cocaine. Dickerson is considered by many to be the case that officially recognized the doctrine known as plain touch (sometimes called plain feel). The Supreme
Court has long recognized that the items in plain view fall outside Fourth Amendment protections.
In Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville, 405 U.S. 156 (1972), the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional a municipal ordinance that targeted "vagrants" and "rogues and vagabonds, or dissolute persons who go about begging . . . common drunkards, lewd, wanton and lascivious persons, . . . persons wandering or strolling around from place to place without any lawful purpose or object, habitual loafers, [and] disorderly persons." The Court concluded that the ordinance provided "no standards governing the exercise of . . . discretion" and thereby "permit[ted] and encourage[d] an arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement of the law" and resulted "in a regime in which the poor and the unpopular are permitted to ‘stand on the sidewalk . . . only at the whim of any police officer.' "
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An effect of such cases as Camara v. Municipal Court (1967) and Terry v. Ohio (1968), that "revolutionized the Fourth Amendment, was to make the application of the Fourth Amendment more flexible
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
The police have not played a major role in the decline of guns use by juveniles
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
According to development theory, the best predictor of future criminality is:
a. body type and personality b. grades in high school c. parenting style d. past criminality
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. National Intelligence Estimates are classified intelligence estimates (rather than predictions) that express the composite views of 16 U.S. intelligence agencies. 2. ISIS seeks to eliminate the geographic borders and nations that were created in the Middle East by the Western powers after World War I. In place of these nation-states, ISIS wants to re-establish a caliphate (an ancient Muslim ideal of a pure Islamic state governed by Sharia law), and restore the original borders of the Ottoman Empire. 3. According to the information in the chapter, one of the greatest concerns is that terrorists acquire nuclear weapons: 4. Cultural Competency is an individual and not a corporate responsibility.