Identify and discuss the various theoretical explanations for the onset of drug use
What will be an ideal response?
The answer should contain the following points:
- cognitive-affective theories—relate to how the perceptions about the costs and benefits of drug use contribute to adolescents’ decisions to experiment with these substances
- addictive personality theory— the typical addict has an addiction prone personality and suffers from some deep-rooted personality disorder or emotional problems
- stress relief theory—the desire to get high—as a means to relieve stress, depression, or the boredom of everyday life—is common in adolescent culture
- social learning theory—the adolescent’s involvement in substance abuse begins with observation and imitation of substance-specific behaviors, continues with social reinforcement, and culminates in a juvenile’s expectation of positive social and psychological consequences from continued drug use
- social control theories—emotional attachment to peers who use substances is a primary cause of substance abuse
- social disorganization theory—the bleak economic environment—doubt, hopelessness, and uncertainty—relief in drugs
- integrated theories—Elliot and colleagues use strain, social control, and social learning theories to form a perspective that accounts for delinquent behavior and drug use
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Which of the following acts accounts for the most drug-related arrests?
a. manufacture of narcotics b. sale of narcotics to juveniles c. possession of drug paraphernalia and possession of drug paraphernalia with the intent to sell d. possession of narcotics and possession of narcotics with the intent to sell
The era of policing knowledge in which the discipline has enormously expanded its knowledge base is known as the
A. research revolution. B. Era of Experiential Learning. C. Foundation of Knowledge. D. DARE Research.
Which of the following statements regarding the American prison population during the last 30 years is true?
A) There has been a decrease in the number of African Americans. B) There has been a decrease in the number of Hispanics. C) There has been no change in the number of Hispanics. D) There has been an increase in the number of both African Americans and Hispanics. E) ?There has been a shift in public opinion in favor of rehabilitation of prisoners.
In the law and order movement of the 1960s, conservative crime control advocates envisioned punishment that would be swift and sure
a. true b. false Indicate whether the statement is true or false