A large number of students took a test of reaction time. We identified the students who got the very worst scores, and had them drink a protein shake. Everyone else got a similar shake with no protein in it, and none of the subjects were told which shake they were getting. Then everyone redid the test. The students who had the protein shake increased their scores on the second test much more than the average student did. (The difference was statistically significant.) What should we be most concerned about before concluding that the protein shake caused the improvement?
A. regression to the mean
B. reverse causation
C. placebo effect
D. common cause
Ans: A. regression to the mean
Philosophy & Belief
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Philosophy & Belief