The perception-practicalities approach:
a) focuses on patients' intentional failures of adherence.
b) focuses on cultural differences in adherence.
c) focuses on unintentional failures of adherence.
d) recognizes that failures of adherence may be intentional or unintentional.
ANS: D
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Repeated use of the same test typically results in different scores. How does classical test theory account for this?
a. poor test validity b. systematic variability c. random error d. inattention
A method for distinguishing between real people and intelligent computer programs is to require both to recognize
a. a face c. a mangled word. b. typed digits on a check. d. a secret code.
Early psychological research concluded that early childhood experiences – including childhood sexual abuse or unresolved pre-Oedipal conflicts – were the reason why some individuals are homosexual. What has recent research found?
a. Recent research has completely dispelled the fact that sexual orientation has anything at all to do with environmental influence. b. Recent and more reliable research has failed to find any aspects of parenting or environment that predicts homosexual orientation later in life. c. Recent research, particularly that discovered by the Human Genome Project, has identified "sexual orientation" genes, so that it is possible to accurately predict who will be homosexual in adulthood. d. Recent research has identified that sexual orientation is completely mediated by the frontal lobes of the cerebrum, which is why we don't often become aware of our sexuality until well after puberty begins.
Research on brain plasticity shows that when healthy brain regions take over the functions of damaged areas,
A) children's IQ scores increase by 10 to 15 points, on average. B) the brain processes information more quickly and accurately than it would if it were intact. C) a "crowding effect" occurs in which multiple tasks must be done by a smaller than usual volume of brain tissue. D) neurons in the healthy regions tend to die, leaving those areas vulnerable to future damage.