The nurse caring for a patient with uncontrolled diabetes notes deep and rapid respirations. The nurse documents this respiratory pattern as:
A) Kussmaul respiration.
B) Cheyne-Stokes respiration.
C) shortness of breath.
D) orthopnea.
A) Kussmaul respiration.
Explanation: A) During diabetic ketoacidosis, the developing ketonemia (excess ketones in the blood) leads to progressive metabolic acidosis, which in turn initiates the characteristic deep and rapid respirations accompanied by an acetone odor to the breath (Kussmaul respirations).
B) In Cheyne-Stokes respiration, breathing is progressively shallow alternating with periods of progressively deep respiration, followed by periods of significant apnea.
C) Shortness of breath is a subjective feeling of difficulty breathing.
D) Orthopnea is difficulty breathing when lying flat.
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