When assessing the tympanic membrane of an older patient, the nurse notes the presence of two jagged white lines. What does this finding indicate to the nurse?

1. The tympanic membrane appears to be ruptured.
2. This is a sign of chronic infection of the tympanic membrane.
3. The white lines are consistent with a past history of a tympanic rupture.
4. The presence of these markings is consistent with the presence of an infection.


3
Rationale: White lines along the tympanic membrane do not indicate that the membrane is ruptured.

Nursing

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