Operant shaping is often used in training various
animals to perform tricks with hand signals being used to indicate which trick that the animal is to perform and food treats then being used as reinforcers. Thus, the trainer's hand signals are serving as
a. unconditioned stimuli.
b. respondent cues.
c. cognitive maps.
d. discriminative stimuli.
ANSWER: d
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In psychoanalysis, the purpose of free association is to ____
a. ?strengthen the memory for important events b. ?increase the patient’s grasp on reality c. ?reveal unconscious conflicts d. ?increase the use of defense mechanisms
Diagnosis is important to physicians and psychologists because it facilitates
a. treatment planning b. communication across clinicians and researchers c. understanding of a person's psychological status d. all of the above
According to the principle of elaborative encoding, which of the following students should retrieve information more successfully on classroom tests?
a. Grant, who attempts to memorize his notes b. Harry, who attempts to relate the material to his own experiences. c. Irene, who attempts to relate her notes to information she has learned in other classes d. These students should retrieve information equally well on tests
Which of the following is true regarding human brain development?
Once damage is done to an area of the brain, there is nothing that can be done to repair it. Any changes in brain functioning must take place before the age of five. An entire hemisphere of the brain can be removed and the other hemisphere will take over functions that the removed hemisphere previously performed. The brain is capable of reorganizing the functioning of various centers in the brain only during the first six months of life.