Which of the following statements made by the nursing student best summarizes the medical–psychobiologic position on mental disorders?
1. Factors related to mental disorders can include excesses or deficiencies of brain neurotransmitters as well as alterations in biologic rhythms, including the sleep–wake cycle and genetic predispositions.
2. Mental illnesses with an organic cause have an unpredictable course and poor prognosis.
3. Mental disorders rarely respond to physical or somatic treatments without careful monitoring of progress by clinicians in medical settings.
4. Biological interventions such as hormones, diet, and medications must be changed frequently as they are only effective for short periods of time.
1
Rationale: Psychobiologic theories view the cause of mental illness as organic and as a deficit in central nervous system functioning. Reimbursement for treatment is the primary reason hospital care is utilized. Mental disorders respond to physical or somatic treatments unlinked to treatment settings. Intervention efficacy is based on diagnosis and course of a disease process, not on a time-limited prediction. Mental disorders follow a predictable course and are responsive to treatment when based on accurate diagnosis.
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