Describe endotoxins and exotoxins. What effects do they each have on infected persons? What will be an ideal response?
Concepts to Consider: Endotoxins are toxins that are released from bacteria after they have
died or lysed. These toxins are a component of the bacterial cell wall or the internal
environment and cause systemic symptoms such as fever and edema. Exotoxins are those
released into the environment (host) by living bacteria. They result in a very broad range of
toxin-specific symptoms.
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Which of the following statements about gametogenesis is correct (select all correct choices)?
A. In human males, spermatogenesis begins at puberty. B. In human females, primary oocytes form during puberty. C. In human females, the egg that is released during ovulation is a primary oocyte. D. In human females, a secondary oocyte arrests in metaphase II. E. In human males, spermatogenesis results in one full-sized sperm and three polar bodies.
Allelopathy is
A. an obligate mutualism between a plant and its pollinator. B. an example of asymmetric competition between plant species. C. the transmission of viruses from ticks to their primary hosts. D. the movement of genes from one species to another.
In skeletal muscle contraction, when____binds to Ca2+, itundergoes a conformational change that allowstropomyosin
to move to the grooves in the actin double helix.
a. troponin b. myosin c. phosphate ions d. ATP e. acetylcholine
Which of the following microbes are most commonly the causative agent in healthcare-associated infections?
a. Hepatitis B viruses b. Gram-negative intestinal biota c. Acid-fast mycobacterium d. Gram-positive cocci