Suggest how a biopsychosocial model may illuminate the causes of bipolar disorder.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: The biopsychosocial model suggests that complex phenomena such as bipolar disorder are generally caused by a combination of factors at biological, psychological, and cultural levels.
At the biological level, there is a genetic predisposition to bipolar disorder. First-degree relatives of a person with bipolar disorder are at about 10 times the risk for developing the disorder themselves than they would be otherwise. Mitochondrial functioning appears unusual in those with bipolar disorder. Receptor sensitivity to dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin is unusual among those with bipolar disorder. At the psychological level, the popular notions of a link between “creativity and madness” and the seeming overrepresentation of people with bipolar disorder in the arts suggests that certain personality traits or combinations of traits may predispose one to bipolar disorder. It doesn’t seem far-fetched, for instance, that high levels of both openness and neuroticism may predispose one to artistic creativity and to bipolar disorder. At the social level, a family atmosphere of hostility, criticism, and emotional “drama” is associated with relapse among patients with bipolar disorder who have been released from hospitalization to their family’s care.
Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the causes and treatment of bipolar disorder.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Environmental Factors
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